Understand Archaic Words & OT Measures

Definition of Archaic Words

HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE MEANING FOR A WORD?

Where there is more than one meaning for a word, the one that applies will be apparent by the context of the verse.
It is common that words have more than one meaning, depending on the way they are used.
No attempt is made here to provide every possible meaning, but rather to give the meaning that applies to its usage in the Scriptures.

WORD	DEFINITION
Abase	Make or bring low; to humble.
Abated	Reduced in intensity or amount.
Abhor	Despise; spurn; regard with horror.
Abjects	People thrown out; outcasts.
Abode	To have stayed; remained; a dwelling.
Acceptation	Acceptance; approval.
Acquit	Judged not guilty.
Adamant	Rock or very hard mineral.
Adjure	To command, under oath or threat.
Admonish	To instruct; advise; warn.
Ado	Fuss; bother; tumult.
Advertise	To advise; warn; inform; reveal.
Advisement	Counsel; consideration
Affinity	Become a son-in-law; an in-law.
Affording	Providing; yielding (as of crops).
Affright	To frighten.
Afoot	On foot.
Afore	Before.
Afresh	Again; anew.
Agone	Ago.
Ague	A fever.
Alamoth	Treble instruments; woman singers; music played in treble (high notes).
Albeit	"Although it be that," shortened.
All to	To do entirely; do wholly.
Alleluia	"Praise ye the LORD!"
Allow	To approve; commend; accept.
Alms	Giving to the poor to help them.
Aloof	At a distance, but within view.
Ambassage	Ambassador(s); a message.
Ambushment	Attack by surprise; ambush.
Amen	True; "so be it;" faithful; certain.
Amerce	To punish by imposing a fine.
Amiable	Dear; lovely; beloved.
Amiss	Wrong; incorrect.
Anathema	To be damned by God.
Angle	Fishhook.
Anise	Plant of the parsley family.
Anon	Immediately; right away.
Apace	At a quick pace; quickly.
Apothecary	One who makes perfumes.
Apparel	Clothing.
Appertain	To belong to; to pertain to.
Archangel	Head or chief angel.
Ariel	"Lion of God," name for Jerusalem.
Aright	In the right way.
Ark	The ship Noah built; box; chest; the basket boat of baby Moses.
Armholes	Holes for your arms; sleeves.
Array	To put on; to clothe.
Art	You (one person) are.
Artificer	Artisan; craftsman.
Artillery	War equipment; weapons.
Asp	Snake; serpent.
Assayed	Attempted; tested; analyzed.
Assent	Accord; agreement.
Asswage	Lessen; relieve; satisfy; sweeten.
Astonied	Be taken by surprise [stunned, astounded].
Atonement	A person or animal taking another's place, to cover sins.
Attent	Attentive; observant.
Augment	Increase; make bigger.
Austere	Severe; strict; harsh; solemn.
Averse	Disliking; turned from.
Avouched	Affirmed; admitted; vouched for.
Away with	OT: To tolerate; bear; endure.
Away with	NT:"Take away!"
Axletree	Spindle/shaft on which a wheel rotates.
Backbiting	Evil speaking; slandering.
[ Bade ]	[ Past tense of "Bid". ]
Balm	A medicine; rosin from a bush.
Banquetings	Drinking, gluttony; rich partying.
Baptiste	Immerse; dip a thing.
Barbarous	Foreign.
Barked	Scraped the bark off.
Base (to be)	Low; lowly; humble.
[ Bath ]	[ See OT Liquid Measures ]
Battlement	Low wall around a roof.
Battlement	Wall for defense.
Became him	Was fitting for; was exactly suited for.
Beeves	Cattle.
Begat, beget	To be father of; be ancestor of.
Beggarly	Poor; like a beggar; in poverty.
Behemoth	A large, plant-eating dragon or dinosaur.
[ Bekah ]	[ See OT Weight Measures ]
Belied	Lied against; spoken falsely.
Beseech	To call upon; appeal; beg.
Besom	Broom.
Besought	Asked the favor of; searched for.
Bestead	See "hardly bestead."
Bestow	Give; grant; put; place.
Bestow	Store; gather together in one place.
Bethink	Come to one's senses, consider.
Betimes	Early; in good time; before it's too late.
Betwixt	Between; passing from one to another.
Bewray	Reveal; give away a secret; betray.
[ Bid ]	[ To say, to tell, to command, to invite. ]
Billow	A great wave or swelling of water.
Bishoprick	Guardianship; office of overseeing.
[ Bittern ]	[A timid animal, like a porcupine or hedgehog.]
Blains	Blisters; sores; boils.
Blaze	To make known; proclaim.
Blessed	Favored by God; happy; prosperous.
Bolled	Blossomed; in the seed or pod.
Bolster	Pillow; head (or other) support.
Bondman	A slave; an unpaid worker.
Bosses	Bump-like shapes on a shield.
Botch	An ulcer, swelling, tumor.
Bowels	Inward parts; affections.
Brawler	One who gets into fights.
Bray a fool	Beat, bruise, pound on a fool.
Bray	Groan, wail; make a foul noise.
Breach	Breaking forth; a break; opening, inlet.
Breeches	Trousers.
Brigandine	Armor for a soldier or robber.
Brimstone	Sulfur.
Broided	Braided; plaited; interweaved
Broidered	Embroidered; adorned with needlework.
Brood	Animal offspring, especially of birds.
Bruit	Report; rumor; sound; noise.
Brutish	Stupid as a beast; slow to understand.
Buckler	Round shield held with a grip.
Buffet	To strike with a clenched fist.
Bulrush	Tall plant near water, such as papyrus.
Bulwark	A defensive structure.
Bunches of camels	Camels' humps.
By and by	At once; immediately; soon.
[ Cab ]	[ See OT Dry Measures]
Caldron	A pot; kettle; cauldron.
Canker	Something that eats away, corrodes; cancer; gangrene; an ulcer-like sore.
Carbuncle	A red precious stone.
Careful	Full of care; full of worry, anxiety.
Carnal	Of the flesh, fleshly; sensual.
Carriage	That which is carried; baggage.
Casement	A window.
Cast angle	To fish with a hook.
Cast in the teeth	Revile or reproach, face to face.
Caul	Membrane; fatty tissue around a bodily organ.
Cauls	Close-fitting caps [or] nets worn by women.
Celestial	Relating to the sky or heavens.
Centurion	Roman commander of a hundred men.
Chambering	Sexual indulgence; lewdness.
Chamberlain	Eunuch or chief servant; one in charge of the king's quarters.
Chamois	A small sheep-like antelope.
Champaign	A plain; field; flat, open land.
Chapiter	Upper part of a column or pillar.
Chapmen	Tradesmen; merchants.
Chargeable	A burden; an undue weight.
Charger	A large platter or dish.
Charity	Godly love in action.
Chaste	Pure; clean; not corrupt.
Check	Rebuke; reproof; stop an action.
Chide	Quarrel; scold; complain; find fault.
Choler	Anger, wrath.
Churl	A rude, harsh person.
Circumspect (be)	Be watchful every way; take heed.
Clamour	Yelling; loud complaining.
Cleanness of teeth	Famine.
Cleave	Split open; cut open; divide.
Cleave unto	Cling to; hold to; stick to.
Cleft	Split hoof; an opening, break or split.
Clouts	Pieces of cloth used to patch.
Cloven	Separated; split; divided up.
Cockatrice	Venomous snake.
Cockle	A weed resembling wheat.
Cogitations	Thinking something over.
Collop	A piece of flesh or a fold of fat.
Comely	Attractive; proper; becoming.
Communicate	(When not referring to speech): share; give; associate with.
Compass	Go around, encircle; encompass.
Concision	[lit., mutilation] Those who believe circumcision makes one righteous or saves.
Concord	Agreement; unison.
Concupiscence	Strong lust; passion.
Confectionaries	Perfume/ointment makers; perfumers.
Consecrate	Treat as set apart, or separate unto God.
Constrain	Compel with irresistible force.
Consumption	Disease that eats the body; destruction.
Contemn	Despise with mockery; show contempt.
Contentious	Loving to quarrel and angrily debate.
Convenient	Fit; appropriate; proper.
Conversation	Behavior; way of life; community.
Convince	Convict; prove wrong.
Coping	Top of a wall, sloped to drain off water.
[ Cor ]	[ See OT Liquid Measures ]
Corn	Any kind of edible grain.
Cornet	A wind instrument; horn; trumpet.
Cotes	Animal enclosures; stables.
Coulter	Sharp iron blade on the front of a plow, that cuts into the soil.
Countenance	Face; appearance.
Countenance	Show favor.
Countervail	Be or make equal; compensate.
Covert	A shelter; a hiding place.
Cracknels	Dry, brittle cakes or biscuits.
Crisping pins	Pins heated up to curl hair; curling irons.
Cruse	A pot.
[ Cubit ]	[ About 18 inches in length.]
Cumbered	To be overwhelmed with cares.
Cummin	A plant bearing aromatic seeds.
Curious	Skillfully made; detailed.
Curious arts	Divination; sorcery; astrology.
Dam	A mother.
Daub	To cover or plaster.
Daysman	A judge; mediator; "umpire."
Dayspring	Sunrise.
Dearth	A drought; famine; no harvest.
Defer	Delay; postpone.
Derision	Ridicule; laughing at enemies' threats.
Descry	Search out; map out; to describe.
Despite	Contempt; angry hatred.
Diadem	Royal headband worn by Eastern kings.
Discomfited	Defeated in battle; scattered.
Discover	Uncover; reveal; have first sight of.
Disdain	To despise; to reject.
Dissembled	Used deceit; pretended; feigned.
Dissimulation	Hypocrisy; [the creation of] false appearances.
Divers	Old spelling of "diverse;" unequal.
Doctor	Teacher; instructor; learned person.
Doleful	Mournful cry; sorrowful howl.
Dragon	Huge lizard; dinosaur.
Dragon	The Devil; Satan.
Draught house	Public toilet.
Draught of fish	Fish caught by sweeping a net.
Dregs	[Residue or] Grounds at the bottom of a cup.
Dropsy	An illness where a part or all of the body swells with too much water.
Drove (n.)	Flock; a company.
Duke	Head of a family or tribe.
[Dureth ]	[ "Endureth"; endures, continues. ]
Durst	He/she dared; was bold enough.
Earing	Plowing; tilling the ground.
Earnest (n.)	Down payment.
Effeminate	Acting like a woman; unmanly.
Emerods	Hemorrhoids; tumors.
Emulation	Trying to equal or be better than others (in either a good or bad way).
Enjoin	Command; charge.
Enmity	Hatred, being an enemy.
Ensample	Example; pattern or model to imitate.
Ensign	Flag or banner, as of an army.
Ensue	Pursue; to follow after.
Environ	Surround; compass.
Ephah	About 6/10 bushel;
Ephah	a basket holding that amount. [ See OT Dry Measures]
Ephod	Linen garment worn by the high priest.
Epistle	Important or formal letter.
Ere	Before; until.
Eschew	Avoid; shun; turn aside from.
Espied	Discovered; spied out; examined.
Euroclydon	Furious, north-easterly wind.
Even, Eveningtide	Evening time.
Every several	Every single; each one separately.
Exactors	Overseers; tribute or tax collectors.
Exhortation	Encouragement; counsel.
Extol	To lift up; to praise; to esteem.
Eyesalve	Medicine for the eyes.
Fain	Earnestly want to or long to; gladly.
Fairs	Something gotten at a fair; wares.
[Fallow deer]	[ A specific type of animal.]
[Fallow ground]	[ Land that is neglected, untilled.]
Fan	Winnowing fan; a fork-shaped tool to throw grain in the air, to let the wind separate the wheat from the chaff.
[ Farthing ]	[ In the NT, a Roman coin: - a 'quadran', worth 1/4 assarion - an 'assarion', worth 1/10 denarius (see "Penny"). ]
Fast	Abstaining from food.
Fatling	Fat cattle.
Fats	Vats (always plural: "fats").
Feign	To pretend to be; To disguise.
Felloe	The rim of a wheel, held by spokes.
Fens	Marshes; swamps.
Fetched a compass	Went on a circular course.
Fillet	An ornamental band around the top of a pillar; a thin band or strip.
Firebrand	Burning wood; a torch.
Firkin	About 9 gallons ( 40 liters) of liquid.
Firmament	Expanse or vault over the earth; sky; the stretched-out heavens.
Fitches	A kind of grain used for seasoning.
Flagon	Bottle holding liquid; flask; an amount equal to what a flagon holds.
Flay	Strip the skin off an animal or person.
Flowers (her)	Menstrual flow; a woman's period.
Flux	Bloody flow from the body; dysentery.
Fold	Times (multiply, e.g., "twofold" = x2).
Forbear	Refrain; restrain; refrain from acting.
Foresaw	Saw or knew beforehand.
Forswear	Swear falsely; Commit perjury.
[Forthwith]	[ Immediately, straightway.]
Forwardness, be forward	Being eager; zealous; ready; being inclined to do something.
Foursquare	Squared; four cornered.
Fray	Frighten; make afraid.
Fret	Be grieved; be troubled; be displeased.
Fretting	Eating away; wearing away.
Froward	Perverse; twisted.
Fuller	Washer and/or bleacher of clothes.
Furbish	Rub, scour or polish until bright.
Furlong	Approximately 1/8 mile ( 660 feet) [or, 400 cubits].
Gaddest about	Go back and forth, to and fro.
Gainsay	Contradict; oppose.
Gall	Something bitter or poisonous.
Garrison	Fortification; military post.
[Gerah ]	[ See OT Weight Measures ]
Gin	Noose; snare.
Girdle, Girt	Belt, wrapped around.
Goad	A pointed stick to get animals moving.
Gospel	The Word of God; "joyful message."
Go to	Come; let us begin (exhortation).
Grave	Tomb (noun); engraved (verb); serious, not showy (adj.)
Graven	Carved or engraved idol or image.
[Greaves ]	[ Leg armor. ]
Grisled	Spotted; speckled.
Grove	Small group of trees;
Grove	in pagan use, a place where Ashtaroth was worshiped (compare Judg 2:13 with 3:7).
Guile	Deceit; craftiness.
Habergeon	Coat of mail for the neck (and down).
Haft	A handle.
Hale	Drag; force.
[ Hallow ]	[ to be holy, to regard as holy, to set apart, to sanctify ]
Halt	Lame; crippled in the feet.
Haply	Perhaps; maybe. [Also see "Her hap was"]
Hard by	Beside; next to.
Hardly bestead	Badly treated; greatly troubled.
Harrow	[A] plow; [to] break up clods; cover seed.
Hart	A stag; male deer.
Haughty	Proud; arrogant; lifted up.
Haunt	Where one goes frequently.
Heady	Headstrong; reckless; hasty.
Heath	Small shrub found in open wastelands.
Heed	Pay attention; watch out.
Helm	Rudder and tiller to steer a ship.
Henceforth	From this time forth; from now on.
Her hap was to	She happened to.
Herewith	With this.
Hewn	Cut.
[ Hin ]	[ See OT Liquid Measures ]
[ Hind ]	[ A deer, a doe. ]
Hinder end	The back side; behind; the rear.
Hireling	A hired laborer; employee.
Hither, hitherto	To this place; till this point in time.
Hoar, hoary	White colored; white or gray with age.
Holden	Held.
Holpen	Helped.
[ Holy ]	[ to be set apart from defilement, consecrated, sanctified for God's use. ]
[ Homer ]	[ See OT Liquid Measures and OT Dry Measures]
Hosen	Garments covering legs; trousers.
[ Host ]	[ An army; a multitude. ]
Hough	Hamstring; cut the tendons of the ham.
Husbandman	Farmer; one who tills the ground.
Ignominy	Contempt; shame; dishonor.
Immutable	Unchangeable (an attribute of God).
Implacable	Cannot be calmed or appeased.
Implead	Sue someone at law.
Importunity	Urgent, continual, persistent asking.
Impotent	Weak; without strength or power.
Impudent	Shameless; without modesty.
Impute	Charge to one's account; reckon.
In no wise	By no means; assuredly not.
Incontinent	Without self-control; unbridled.
Inditing	Dictating what to write [or, moved with inspiration].
Infidel	Unbeliever.
Inordinate	Unrestrained; immoderate.
Instant (adj.)	Insistent; persistent; importunate.
Issue	What comes forth: children;
Issue	discharge of liquid.
Jangling	Noisy argument; quarreling.
Joined hard	Bordered; was adjacent to.
Jot	The smallest Hebrew letter, yodh.
Kin, kindred	Family.
Kine	Cows; cattle.
Knop	Knob; bud (as of a flower).
Lade	To load; burden.
Lasciviousness	Being lustful, loose or lewd; promoting lustful desires in others.
Latchet	Sandal lace.
Laver	Wash basin.
Leasing	Falsehood; deceit; lying.
Lees	Sediment settled in liquid; the dregs; (See "wine on the lees").
Let (was let)	Hinder or obstruct.
Leviathan	Big dragon/dinosaur that lives near or in the water/sea.
Lintel	Top of a door frame.
Listed, listeth	Choose; be inclined to do.
Lively	OT: Strong; energetic. NT: Living.
Loins	Thigh and groin area; often used for the reproductive organs.
[ Log ]	[ See OT Liquid Measures ]
Lot (of a person)	Portion; what is received by casting lots.
Lot (to cast)	Pebbles thrown to make decisions.
Lowring	Threatening a storm; gloomy; clouded.
Lucre	Gain in money or goods; profit.
Lest, con	That not; for fear that.
Lusty	Healthy and strong; able of body.
Mammon	Earthly goods; property; riches.
[ Maneh ]	[ See OT Weight Measures ]
Mantle	Cloak; covering garment.
Maranatha	"Our Lord cometh."
Marishes	Marshes; ponds.
Matrix	A mother's womb.
Mattock	Hoe or other tool to break up dirt.
Maul	Mallet, heavy hammer or club.
Maw	Animal's stomach.
Mean man	Common; low in rank.
Meat	Grain or food in general (except where the verse refers to flesh).
Meet	Suitable; agreeable; fit; proper.
Mess	Portion of food.
Mete	Measure; deal out.
Meteyard	A rod to measure length; yardstick.
Milch	Milk-giving; milking.
Mincing	Taking short, quick steps.
Minish	Diminish; lessen.
Ministration	Service; ministry.
Mirth	Gladness; rejoicing.
Mite	Coin of very small value; [ ]. [ A Roman 'lepton' worth 1/2 quadran (see "Farthing"). ]
Mitre	Turban; ceremonial headdress.
Mollified	Be softened; be appeased.
Mortify	Put to death; remove the life of.
Mote	Speck or splinter; small particle [as opposed to a "beam" or timber].
Muffler	Scarf or veil to cover the face.
Munition	Stronghold; fort.
Murrain	Cattle disease; pestilence; plague.
Naught	Bad; nothing; vain.
Nave	Hub; where spokes are inserted.
Necromancer	One who inquires of the dead.
Neesings	Sneezing.
[ Neginoth ]	[ "A song." ]
Nephew	Descendant; grandson; grandchild.
Nether	Lower.
Nigh	Near, in place or in time.
Nitre	Sodium nitrate, as in gunpowder.
No little kindness	Exceptional kindness.
Noisome	Destructive; hurtful; noxious.
Not a whit	Not the least bit.
Nought	Nothing.
Obeisance	Bowing or kneeling in respect.
Odd number	What is left over; over and above.
Offend	Make angry; make one stumble; violate.
Offscouring	What is scoured off; rejected.
[ Omer ]	[ See OT Dry Measures]
Omnipotent	All powerful (an attribute of God).
Oracle	(When referring to a place) the inner sanctuary; "Holy of Holies."
Oracle	[Often referring to a profound message; the Word of God.]
Ouches	Settings for gems; sockets.
Outgoings	Extreme limits; furthest borders.
Outwent	Went before; went faster.
Overcharged	Weighed down; burdened.
Pangs	Extreme, sharp pains, as in childbirth.
Paps	Breasts.
Paramour	Male or female lover.
Parbar	Structure on the west side of Solomon's temple.
Pate	Forehead; crown of the head.
Patrimony	Something inherited; an estate.
Peculiar	Particular; special; one's own.
Peeled	Smooth; bare; bald.
[ Penny ]	[ The most common NT coin, the Roman 'denarius' (lit., 'ten assarion'), equivalent to a day's wage for a laborer. ]
Penury	Poverty.
Peradventure	Perhaps.
Perdition	Complete loss; eternal damnation.
Pernicious	Destructive, something that can injure.
Phylacteries	Scripture box attached to left arm or forehead by a leather strap [in literal obedience to Deu 6:8 ].
Pilled	Pealed; stripped off skin or bark.
Pitch	A thick, dark, sticky substance. [Tar used for waterproofing.]
Plaiting	Braiding; gathering hair into knots.
Platted	Braided; intertwined.
Polled his head	Cut hair from his head.
Pommels	Bowl-shaped top of a pillar.
[ Pound ]	[ See OT Weight Measures ]
Post (person)	Runner; courier.
Potsherd	Piece of broken pottery.
Prating	Babbling; chattering.
Presbytery	Assembly of elders.
Prevent	Come before, go before; anticipate.
Pricks	OT: Thorns.
Pricks	NT: Cattle prods or goads.
Principalities	Rulers or their territory.
Privily	In private; secretly.
Privy (be)	Privately knowing; knowing a secret.
Profane	Treat as common; defile.
Profound (be)	Go deep into something.
Prognosticators	Foretellers of the future.
Proper	One's own; peculiar; particular.
Propitiation	Sacrifice to pay for sins against God, to satisfy His righteous anger. [A sacrifice that removes sin, rather than merely covering guilt.]
Proselyte	Convert.
Provender	Food for livestock or cattle.
Psalm	Sacred song about or to God.
Psaltery	Stringed instrument, as a harp or guitar.
Publican	Tax collector.
Pulse	Peas, beans; legumes.
Purloining	Stealing; pilfering.
Purtenance	Inward parts; entrails.
Putrifying	Pertaining to gangrene; decaying.
Quaternion	Guard of four soldiers.
Quick	Alive; living.
Quit	Acquitted; found not guilty.
Quit you like men	Behave/act as a man should.
Raiment	Clothing; garments.
Rampart	Fortification; defensive structure.
Rank (adj.)	Full-grown; strong and robust.
Ravening	Preying upon to devour.
Ravin (noun)	Torn flesh; food gotten by violence.
Ravin (verb)	Violently catch food or devour it.
Ravished	Raped (negative use);
Ravished	delighted (positive use).
Rebuke	Reprimand; strongly warn; restrain.
Recompence	Punishment for evil, reward.
Redound	Produce a result; to return.
Reel	Stagger, walk to and fro like a drunkard.
Reins	Literally, kidneys.
Reins	Figuratively, seat of emotion.
Remission	Forgiveness; pardon.
Rend [ Rent ]	Tear apart; forcefully rip apart.
Renown	Great reputation; being well-known.
Reproach	Disgrace; shame.
Reprobate	Rejected; failing the test; lost in sin.
Reproof	Rebuke; scolding.
Requite	Repay.
Rereward	Towards the rear; rear guard.
Residue	Part that remains, the rest.
[ Revellings ]	[Carousings; riotous behavior.]
Rie	Old spelling of "rye"; a grain.
Ringstraked	Striped, streaked.
Road	Old spelling of "raid".
[ Roe ]	[ A female mountain goat. ]
Ruddy	Reddish (hair or complexion).
Rude	Unskilled, unrefined or unlearned.
Rue	An evergreen plant used for medicine.
[ Sabaoth ]	[ "Hosts"; armies, multitudes. ]
Sabbath	Rest; cessation from work.
Sackbut	Triangular, 4-stringed instrument, like a lyre.
[ Sackcloth ]	[ A coarse fabric of which grain sacks were made, often worn as a sign of sorrow or mourning. ]
Sacrilege	Violate or steal sacred things.
Salutation	Greeting.
Sanctify	Make holy; set apart for God's use.
Satan	The Adversary of humans; the devil; the leader of the fallen angels.
Satyr	He-goat.
Savour	Smell; taste; odor.
Savourest	You (singular) like; delight in; favor.
Scall	Scaly skin eruption.
Score	Multiply the number times 20 (e.g., "fourscore" = 80).
Scourge	Whip; flog.
Seemly	Fitting; proper; becoming.
Seethe	Boil; be very hot.
Selvedge	Fabric edge to prevent unraveling.
Sepulchre	Place of burial; grave; tomb.
Servitor	Attendant; one performing as a servant.
Set at nought	Despise; disregard.
Shambles	Meat market; marketplace.
Sheaf	Bundle of grain.
Sheepcote	Sheep dwelling; stable. (See "cote")
[ Shekel ]	[ See OT Weight Measures ]
[ Sheminith ]	[ An eight stringed musical instrument. ]
Sherd	See "potsherd."
Sheriff	Knowledgeable, legal official.
Shew	Old spelling of "show."
Signet	Seal or stamp, indicating the owner.
Single	Clear; pure; uncorrupted; healthy.
Sith	Old spelling of "since."
Slack	Slow or negligent.
Sleight	Trickery; entrapment by deceit.
Slow bellies	Idle gluttons.
Sod, sodden	Cooked; boiled.
Soothsayer	One who fortells the future by ungodly means.
Sop	A morsel of bread to be dipped.
Sottish	Foolish; dull with drink; sluggish.
Spite	Anger toward someone; grief.
Spoil	Booty; plunder; prey.
Stanched	Stopped flowing.
Standard	Flag; banner.
Staves	Rods; clubs.
Stay him;	Support; uphold.
... My stay	What one relies on.
Stayed	Detained; held.
Stomacher	Ornamental covering, over the chest and/or stomach, for females.
Straightway	Right away; immediately.
Strait (adj.)	Narrow; close together.
Strait (in a)	Be in distress; be in a narrow place.
Straitened	Impeded or restricted; narrowed.
Straitened	Distressed. [Constrained.]
Strake	Old spelling of "struck."
Strowed, strawed	Scattered; spread.
Succour	Help; aid.
Suffered not	Did not allow.
Sup	Dine; eat.
Sup up	Gather together; accumulate, assemble.
Superfluous	More than necessary or wanted.
Suppliants	Worshippers.
Surfeiting	Excess food or drink; overindulgence.
Swaddling clothes	Cloths for wrapping infants tightly.
Tablets	Small, flat ornaments or jewelry.
[ Tabret ]	[ A tambourine; joyful music. ]
Taches	Hooks; fasteners.
Tale	A number; something counted.
Tale	Information given; a story.
Talent	Weight of money; weight; gift. [ See OT Weight Measures ]
[ Tares ]	[ Weeds; probably darnel which looks similar to wheat. ]
Spite	Anger toward someone; grief.
Target	Small shield; a buckler.
[ Tarry ]	[ To wait, to stay for a time, to lodge. ]
Tell	To count; number.
Tempered	Mixed; combined.
Temperance	Self-control; moderation.
Tempest	Storm; violent wind; whirlwind.
Terrestrial	Relating to the earth; earthly.
Testament	A will, ratified after death; a covenant.
[ Thither ]	[ "To there..." ]
Thitherward	Toward it; in that direction.
Thrice	Three times.
[ Thummin ]	[ See "Urim and Thummin". ]
Tired	Attired; put something around the head.
[ Tirshatha ]	[The governor (a Persian title).]
Tithe	The tenth part; $1 / 10$ .
[ Tittle ]	[ The smallest mark which distinquishes one Hebrew letter from another. ]
Told out	Counted out; numbered; tallied.
Tow	Weaver's fiber or the yarn made from it.
Traffick	Trade; do business.
Translate	Transfer; remove to another place.
Trodden	Walked on; trampled.
Trode	Stepped on; walked on.
Trow	To think; to believe; to trust.
Twain	Two.
Unction	An anointing.
Unseemly	Inappropriate.
Untoward	Perverse; not easily taught or guided.
[ Urim and Thummin ]	[ "Lights and Perfections". Stones kept in a pouch on the High Priest's breastplate, and used to ascertain the Lord's leading in various matters.]
Usury	Interest paid for using money.
Utter court	Outer court.
Utter gate	Outer gate.
Valour	Courage; personal bravery.
Variance	Disagreement; discord; dissension.
Vaunt oneself	Boast; brag about oneself.
Vehement	Violent; forceful; furious.
Verily	Truly.
Verity	Truth.
Vestments	Official or ecclesiastical robes.
Vesture	Garment; clothing.
Vial	Small bottle; something holding liquid.
Victuals	Food for humans.
Villany	Extreme wickedness.
Visage	Appearance; face; look of a person.
Vocation	What God calls, [or] gifts a person to do.
Want	Lack; be deficient.
Wanton	Without restraint; reckless.
Ward	In custody, with a guard; prison.
Wast	You (one person) were.
Wax	Grow; become; advance.
Wen	A wart; a tumor; a swelling.
Wert	(If) you (one person) were.
Whelp	A cub; a young one.
[ Whence ]	[ "From where..." ]
[ Wherefore ]	[ Why; For what reason. Therefore; For this reason.]
Whether is?	Which of the two?
[ Whither ]	[ "To where..." ]
Wimples	Curled hair; veils crimped.
Winefat	Wine vat.
Wine on the lees	Fully fermented wine.
Wist, wot	Knew; thought; supposed.
Withs	Twigs twisted to make a band, rope.
Wont	Used to; in the habit of.

TAKE NOTE ABOUT THE MEASURES

These charts of measurements provide only an approximation of sizes and values. In Old Testament times, measurements could not be made with modern precision.
The reader will find greater detail in a Bible dictionary (For instance, Unger's Bible Dictionary published by Moody Press).

Old Testament Liquid Measures

Unit	Approx. U.S. Equiv.	Relative Value
Log	1 pint	12 Logs = 1 Hin
Hin	1.5 gallons	6 Hins = 1 Bath
Bath	8 gallons	10 Baths = 1 Homer
Homer	80 gallons	1 Homer = 1 Cor

Old Testament Dry Measures

Unit	Approx. U.S. Equiv.	Relative Value
Cab	3.2 pints	6 Cabs = 1 Seah
Seah	2.4 gallons	3 Seah = 1 Ephah
Omer	0.8 gallons	10 Omers = 1 Ephah
Ephah	8 gallons	10 Ephah = 1 Homer
Homer	80 gallons

Old Testament Weight Measures

💡Prior to 500 B.C. financial transactions were based on weights of precious metals or other commodities, rather than coinage Jer 32:10.

Unit	Approx. U.S. Equiv.	Relative Value
Gerah ("grain") ("kernel")	weight of 16 barley grains	20 Gerah = 1 Shekel
Bekah	(a half shekel)	2 Bekah = 1 Shekel
Shekel	approx. 12 grams or 0.4 ounces	20 Gerah = 1 Shekel
Maneh	(calculate from shekel)	60 Shekels = 1 Maneh (of silver)
Pound	(calculate from shekel)	100 Shekels = 1 Pound (of gold)
Talent	(calculate from shekel)	60 Maneh = 1 Talent

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